my $x = 1;
# this is a lexical, that appears global, since there is no block
# and is technically file scoped.

{ #here we create a new lexical scope
    print "at the start x is $x\n"; #will print 1
    my $x = $x + 1;
    print "after the my start x is $x\n"; #will print 2
}
print "after the block x is $x\n"; #will print 1